Wikitzionàriu de Acadèmia de su Sardu:LemONS/en
This is the English version of page Wikitzionàriu de Acadèmia de su Sardu:LemONS
This work aims to be the first nucleus of the LemONS (the Lemmary of Sardinian with Standard Orthography), that is, a list of words and standard forms of the two macro-varieties (Campidanese and Logudorese) of the Sardinian language, according to the indications of “Su Sardu Standard”. It therefore does not claim, at least for now, to be a complete dictionary with definitions or translations of words; it will only be a useful tool for those who, preparing to write in Sardinian, want to respect the spelling rules of Campidanese and Logudorese proposed by Acadèmia de su Sardu in the book "Su Sardu Standard".
To read inside the lemmas
| abacai | (in green) lemma according to norm CAM, with standard pronunciation alongside, preceded or followed by norm LOG according to the alphabetical order, and followed by grammatical mark, {Italian translation} (only one, that best known, in blue) and ⇐ with non-standard forms |
| abba | (in red) lemma according to norm LOG, with standard pronunciation alongside, preceded or followed by norm CAM according to the alphabetical order, and followed by grammatical mark, {Italian translation} (only one, that best known, in blue) and ⇐ with non-standard forms |
| abbacu | non-standard lemma according to Su Sardu Standard, with spelling of the known local pronunciation, with reference (⇒) to the standardized lemma |
Be careful! In the list of words you will NEVER find any written with the double letters PP, TT, CC, GG, FF, VV, MM, nor written with letters that are not part of the Sardinian alphabet Q, K, W, Y. There will not even be all the infinitives of verbs with non-standard endings, such as -ae, -ie, -ì (stressed), -ari, '-iri (unstressed), -ade, -ede, -ide.
Phonetic signs of the CAM and LOG rules
| Signs | Explanation | Example |
|---|---|---|
| . | syllable division | bó.nu |
| (.) | allophony of the division into syllables of two vowels, with pronunciation sometimes as a diphthong and sometimes as a hiatus | à.cu(.)a |
| .(a e i o u) | lengthening of the final truncated vowel | me.rì.(i), fà.(a) |
| è ò | open mid tonic vowels | mè.li, mò.la |
| é ó | closed mid tonic vowels | mél.lusu, mól.lu |
| à ì ù | other stressed vowels | mà.li, mìl.li, mùl.li |
| a e i o u | paragogic vowels | in.cà.pasa, sèse, lù.nisi, bò.noso, ge.sùsu |
| ɖ | retroverted occlusive | ɖu, pùɖ.ɖa |
| j | palatal approximant intervocalic or at the beginning of a word | mà.ju, jó.bi(.)a |
| b.b d.d g.g | intervocalic voiced stops | a.càb.bu, ad.dà.si(.)u, ag.gra.dès.si |
| .b .d .g | intervocalic voiced fricatives | à.be, mè.da, pà.gu |
| (b) (d) (g) | voiced stops and voiced palatal affricate at the beginning of the word, which often fall into syntactic phonetics | (b)òl.li, (d)ò.mu, (g)à.tu, (g)èn .na |
| (b).b (d).d (g).g | voiced allophones, with sometimes plosive and sometimes fricative pronunciation | a(b).bé.ru, a(d).de.re.tsà.i, a(g).ga .you do |
| ts dz | voiceless and voiced dental affricates | tsó.pu, dzè.ru |
| tc | allophones in front of -e, -i in Campidanese, with affricate pronunciation, sometimes dental and sometimes palatal | tci.tà.di, tce.le.brà.i |
| n.ts r.ts | allophones after n-, r-, with sometimes fricative and sometimes affricate pronunciation | pen.tsài, fór.tsisi |
| ch gh | voiceless and voiced velar stops before -e, -i | chè.na, chì.e, ghe.tà.i, ghì.ri |
| ci gi | voiceless and voiced palatal affricates before -a, -o, -u | cià.fu, ma.ciò.ni, well.ciu, giàs.su, gió.gu, giù.stu |
| sci | voiceless palatal fricative before -a, -o, -u | cà.scia, ca.sciò.ni, sciù.gu |
| camp l.li(.) vs
log .llj |
difference in pronunciation between campidanese [lli.] and logudorese [ʎ] of words entered from Italian or Spanish | màl.li(.)a / mà.llja |
| camp n.ni(.) vs
log .nnj |
difference in pronunciation between campidanese [nni.] and logudorese [ɲ] of words entered from Italian or Spanish | bàn.ni(.)u / bà.nnju |
| x | voiced palatal fricative before all vowels | pre.xà.u, a.xé.du, pà.xi, ar.ra.xò .ni, pré.xu |
Abbreviations
| Sign | Explanation |
|---|---|
| ag | adjective |
| am | demonstrative |
| art | item |
| aus | auxiliary |
| av | adverb |
| card | cardinal |
| cong | conjunction |
| def | defined |
| deriv | derivative |
| det | definitive |
| d.ag | adjectival phrase |
| d.av | adverbial phrase |
| d.cong | conjunctive phrase |
| d.n | noun phrase |
| d.prep | prepositional phrase |
| excl | exclamation |
| f | female |
| int | interrogative |
| process | iterative |
| m | male |
| n | name |
| neut | neutral |
| nodef | indefinite |
| nodet | indeterminate |
| num | number, numeral |
| ord | ordinal |
| pl | plural |
| pers | person, personal |
| can | possessive |
| pp | past participle |
| pr | (name) proper |
| prep | preposition |
| pron | pronoun, pronominal |
| rel | relative |
| rifl | thoughtful |
| sing | singular |
| tram | altered |
| AMANN | accretive |
| CARINN | term of endearment |
| IMPEOR | derogatory |
| MENG | diminutive |
| v | verb |
Lexicographic notes
| Sign | Explanation ITA | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ... | When a word is already present in the lemmary but with another meaning. |
abbarrare ¹ v ⇒ abarrare {restare}. because abbarrare is already there, and it is a standard lemma that means "to fence". abbarrare [ab.bar.rà.re] v {recintare}. | |
| ᶜ | When a 'non-standard Campidanese word is already in the lemmary but it is the standard word of the other macrovariety. |
cimentu [tci.mén.tu], ciumentu [ciu.mén.tu] n m {cemento} ⇐ cimentu ᶜ , giumentu, tzimentu. because cimentu is both the standard Logudorese and a non-standard Campidanese word (cimentu ᶜ). | |
| ᴸ | When a 'non-standard Logudorese word is already in the lemmary but it is the standard word of the other macrovariety. |
acabbadora [a.cab.ba.dò.ra], agabbadora [a.gab.ba.dò.ra] n f {she who practices euthanasia } ⇐ acabbadora ᴸ. because acabbadora is both the Campidanese standard and a non-standard Logudorese word (acabbadora ᴸ). | |
| ᴺᴬ | When a word that follows the rules of the norm is not attested and another attested form is taken as standard (if, however, there are no indications of great frequency of use, the unattested form can be taken as standard). |
troci [trò.ci] v {torcere; spostare} ⇐ torci ᴺᴬ. because the standard (attested) form enjoys great frequency of use despite being a metathesis and even though the form tòrciri is present in the Puddu dictionary (which has phonetic characteristics typical of the standard but the ending shows that it is used in places peripherals). | |
| (s') (si) | Reflexive verbs |
si cabigiai [si ca.bi.già.i] v {abituarsi a stare in un luogo ristretto}. | |
| (m) (f) (pl) (neut) | When the non-standard word has a grammatical gender different from that of the standard |
coja [có.ja], coju [có.ju] n f m {matrimonio} ⇐ cògiu, cògiua (f ), còjua (f), còjuva (f), còua (f) , cozu, còzua (f).
Non-standard Logudorese: cògiu, cògiua (f), còjua (f), còjuva (f), còua (f), cozu, còzua (f) | |